أفاد محمود كريمي بيرانوند ، القائم بأعمال دائرة التوظيف وريادة الأعمال في وزارة العمل والرعاية الاجتماعية الإيرانية ، مشكلة جديدة لأصحاب العمل ، وقال : إن مخاوف أصحاب العمل بشأن نقص الموارد و رأس المال المتداول قد وصلت إلى نقطة تأمين القوى العاملة ، وفي بعض مقاطعات البلاد ، “لا يمكن العثور على عمال”.
تأتي تصريحات بیرانوند في وقت لم يكن هناك تطور خاص في خلق فرص العمل ، و يعزو الخبراء سبب ذلك إلى عدم جاذبية الأجور الرسمية للعمال.
في 23 يوليو / تموز ، صرح هادي أبويي ، الأمين العام لنقابات العمال ، أن العمال في الوقت الحاضر يبحثون عن وظائف مثالية من حيث الدخل و “ليسوا على استعداد للانخراط في أنشطة بموجب لوائح محددة”.
وأكد أبويي أن خطوط إنتاج المصانع بحاجة إلى عمال لكن لا يمكن إيجادهم. وأوضح أبويي أن واقع المجتمع هو أن تكلفة سلة معيشة العامل تتراوح ما بين 150 إلى 160 مليون ريال (ما يعادل 320 دولارًا). نظرًا لأن العمال لا يمكنهم كسب هذا المبلغ من وظائفهم العادية ، فإنهم يضطرون إلى البحث باستمرار عن وظيفة ذات دخل أفضل.
جدير بالذكر أن الحد الأدنى للراتب الشهري للعاملين في إيران يبلغ حوالي 80 مليون ريال ، أي 155 دولارًا فقط.
في 29 أبريل ، قال حميد رضا حاج بابايي ، رئيس لجنة التخطيط والميزانية في البرلمان ، “أريد أن أقول للناس أن يحضروا شبابكم إلى المصانع للعمل لأن هناك فرص عمل ولكن لا يوجد عمال”.
ازدادت الفجوة بين الأجور وتكلفة المعيشة في السنوات الأخيرة ، مما دفع العمال إلى المطالبة بتعديلات في الأجور.
أدى نقص الدعم من الحكومة وأرباب العمل لتعديل الأجور إلى بحث بعض العمال عن وظائف مزيفة. إلى جانب هذه القضية ، أثيرت أيضًا مناقشة هجرة العمال في الأشهر الأخيرة ، وقد أثرت هذه القضية بالذات على دافع “القوى العاملة البسيطة” للعمل في إيران.
وقال ممثل عن العمال في المجلس الأعلى للعمل في هذا الصدد إن “كبح الأجور” تسبب في هجرة بعض العمال.
وتشير تصريحات آيت أسدي إلى الانتشار الواسع لانخفاض الأجور في الاقتصاد الإيراني ، الأمر الذي أدى إلى هجرة العمال.
وأكد أسدي أن “قمع أجور العمال” تسبب في ترك بعض العمال المهرة لوظائفهم أو الانخراط في مهن وهمية ، أو هجرة بعضهم إلى دول مجاورة مثل العراق أو قطر أو عمان أو حتى أفغانستان. حاليًا ، يواجه أرباب العمل نقصًا في العمالة الماهرة.
كما قال رئيس غرفة تجارة تبريز إن أحد أسباب هجرة العمالة الماهرة إلى الدول المجاورة هو السعي لكسب الأجور بالدولار.
وأكد يونس زالة أن رواتب العمالة الإيرانية الماهرة في دول الجوار مثل العراق وباكستان تبلغ مليار ريال (حوالي 2000 دولار).
وبحسب زالة ، فإن مختلف القطاعات في تبريز في حاجة ماسة إلى قوة عاملة ، ولتعويض هذا النقص ، تحولوا إلى جذب النساء كعاملات بأجر منخفض.
وأعلن زالة أن السبب الرئيسي لنقص القوى العاملة واليد العاملة الماهرة في المحافظة هو هجرة هؤلاء الأفراد إلى دول المنطقة ، بما في ذلك العراق وباكستان ، للعمل وتلقي أجورهم بالدولار.
في ظل الحكم الاستبدادي للملالي ، لا يعاني العمال الإيرانيون فقط من تدني الأجور ، وانعدام الأمن الوظيفي والتأمين الاجتماعي والصحي ، ولكنهم أيضًا محرومون من أبسط الحقوق التي يجب أن يتمتع بها كل عامل في العالم.
تعتبر الأجور غير المدفوعة واحدة من أكثر المشاكل المستوطنة للقوى العاملة الإيرانية. غالبًا ما يُحرم العمال الإيرانيون من تلقي الرواتب الضئيلة التي التزم أصحاب العمل بدفعها لهم. هذه مشكلة تفاقمت وغالبًا ما يمضي العمال الإيرانيون شهورًا وحتى أكثر من عام دون تلقي رواتبهم.
يمتنع مديرو الشركات التي تديرها الحكومة ، ولا سيما الشركات التي تمت“خصخصتها”
، مما يعني تسليمها إلى مالكي القطاع الخاص المرتبطين ارتباطًا وثيقًا بمسؤولي النظام الإيراني ، بشكل منتظم عن دفع أجور العمال الإيرانيين تحت ذرائع مختلفة.
تتأخر رواتب العمال الإيرانيين في المنظمات الحكومية والبلديات بينما يتلقى مسؤولو النظام رواتبهم الممتازة في الوقت المحدد.
بينما يواصل مسؤولو النظام إظهار عدم وجود إرادة للاستجابة لمطالب القوى العاملة الإيرانية ، أثبت العمال الإيرانيون أن لديهم الإرادة لمواصلة النضال من أجل حقوقهم. وأصبحوا مقتنعين بشكل متزايد بأن الأمور لن تتغير إلا بعد الإطاحة بنظام الملالي واستبداله بحكومة ديمقراطية تهتم بشعب إيران.
كتبت السيدة مريم رجوي الرئيسة المنتخبة للمقاومة الإيرانية على تويتر : العار والكراهية لنظام الملالي الذي هو أكبر سارق في تاريخ إيران ، بينما ينهب الملالي أموال الشعب الإيراني ويعيش أبناؤهم الذوات الفاسدون عيشًا رغيدًا في الغرب فالشباب البلوش المهدورة حقوقهم يُقتَلون على أيدي قوات الحرس بسبب مزاولة نقل الوقود كمصدر رزق لهم.
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