كشفت مصادر مصرفية واقتصادية مطلعة، إلى جانب وثائق اطلعت عليها رويترز، أن سوريا تستعد لإطلاق عملية إصلاح نقدي تتضمن إصدار أوراق جديدة وحذف صفرين من الليرة السورية، في محاولة لوقف تدهور قيمتها واستعادة الثقة بها بعد سنوات من الانهيار
فمنذ اندلاع الحرب عام 2011، فقدت الليرة أكثر من 99% من قيمتها، إذ هبط سعر الصرف من 50 ليرة للدولار الواحد إلى نحو 10 آلاف ليرة حاليًا، ما جعل التعاملات اليومية شديدة الصعوبة، ودفع الأسر إلى حمل أكياس ممتلئة بأوراق نقدية لشراء احتياجاتها الأساسية
وبحسب الوثائق أبلغ المصرف المركزي البنوك الخاصة في منتصف أغسطس/آب بنيته إصدار العملة الجديدة مع حذف الأصفار، على أن يبدأ التنفيذ الرسمي في الثامن من ديسمبر/كانون الأول المقبل، بالتزامن مع الذكرى الأولى لسقوط نظام الأسد البائد
كما كشفت المصادر أن دمشق توصلت إلى اتفاق مع شركة “جوزناك” الروسية لطباعة الأوراق النقدية الجديدة خلال زيارة رسمية رفيعة إلى موسكو في يوليو/تموز الماضي، الشركة ذاتها تولت سابقًا طباعة العملة السورية في عهد الأسد
التحول يحمل أيضًا بُعدًا رمزيًا، إذ يتوقع أن تختفي صور بشار الأسد ووالده حافظ من فئات الألفي ليرة والألف ليرة، ما يُنظر إليه كخطوة لكسر إرث حكم العائلة الممتد لأكثر من خمسة عقود
المركزي السوري طلب من البنوك إعداد تقارير تفصيلية عن جاهزية البنية التحتية، تشمل أجهزة العدّ والكاميرات وسعة التخزين، والتأكد من قدرة الأنظمة على التعامل مع الإصدار الجديد، على أن تبدأ المصارف الاستعدادات الفعلية بحلول منتصف أكتوبر/تشرين الأول، كما تقرر منح فترة انتقالية تمتد 12 شهرًا يُسمح خلالها بتداول العملة القديمة إلى جانب الجديدة حتى ديسمبر/كانون الأول 2026
ويرى خبراء أن الهدف الأساسي للإصلاح هو تقليص حجم الكتلة النقدية المتداولة خارج النظام المالي والتي تُقدّر بـ40 تريليون ليرة، بما يعزز قدرة الحكومة على الرقابة والسيطرة النقدية، رغم محدودية البنية التحتية للمدفوعات الرقمية في البلاد
لكن الخبير الاقتصادي السوري كرم شعار، المستشار لدى الأمم المتحدة، حذر من أن هذه الخطوة قد تربك المستهلكين، خصوصًا كبار السن، في ظل غياب إطار تنظيمي شامل وتفاوت سيطرة الدولة على أراضيها واقترح شعار بديلًا أقل كلفة يتمثل في إصدار فئات نقدية أكبر مثل 20 ألف أو 50 ألف ليرة، لتسهيل التعاملات دون الحاجة إلى عملية إصلاح شاملة قد تُكلف مئات الملايين من الدولارات
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