على الرغم من الجهود الدبلوماسية لتحقيق استقرار الوضع في سوريا، بما في ذلك من خلال إعادة قبولها في جامعة الدول العربية، عانى السوريون من تصاعد القتال والاضطرابات على طول جبهات متعددة، ومن التدهور الاقتصادي الشديد الخطورة والانتهاكات المستمرة لحقوق الإنسان. وانتهاكات، حذرت لجنة التحقيق التابعة للأمم المتحدة بشأن سوريا في تقريرها الأخير اليوم.
و تضمن التقرير بحسب موقع “reliefweb” الصادر من جنيف وترجم التقرير مركز الصحافة الاجتماعية بتصرف “قبل أن تغرق سوريا بشكل أعمق في تصاعد العنف والتدهور الاقتصادي، ندعو الجهات الفاعلة الرئيسية إلى وقف الهجمات على المدنيين والاستجابة لاحتياجاتهم الماسة، ونحث الحكومة في دمشق على الاهتمام والاستجابة بشكل إيجابي لتطلعات السوريين وحقوقهم المشروعة”. قال رئيس اللجنة باولو بينيرو تعليقاً على الموجة الأخيرة من المظاهرات: “إنها عامل أساسي لإنهاء النزاع”.
وأكدت اللجنة من جديد ضرورة قيام الدول بمراجعة تدابيرها القسرية الانفرادية وتأثيرها على السوريين العاديين والجهات الفاعلة الإنسانية، بما في ذلك بسبب الإفراط في الامتثال. وينبغي الحفاظ على الخطوات البناءة المتخذة لتخفيف العقوبات رداً على الزلزال. ونظراً للاحتياجات الماسة، دعت اللجنة أيضاً إلى إجراء مراجعة عاجلة لفعالية المساعدات الدولية وتقديمها.
وفي أعقاب الزلازل المدمرة التي وقعت في فبراير/شباط، يوثق التقرير كيف أعاقت الحكومة والأطراف الأخرى دون داع المساعدات المنقذة للحياة، واستمرت في قصف الأهداف في المنطقة المتضررة من الزلزال. أدت غارة جوية واحدة في 25 يونيو/حزيران إلى مقتل أو إصابة أكثر من 37 مدنيًا في سوق للخضروات في الهواء الطلق في إدلب، وكان من المفترض أن تكون القوات المستهدفة مرئية. ومن بين الهجمات الـ 15 التي يوثقها تقرير اللجنة الجديد في المنطقة المتضررة من الزلزال، قد يشكل العديد منها جرائم حرب. أدت الغارات الجوية الإسرائيلية المشتبه بها إلى تعطيل البنية التحتية الرئيسية للنقل، مما أدى إلى آثار عكسية على العمليات الإنسانية.
“إن هذه الحالات، فضلاً عن فشل مجلس الأمن التابع للأمم المتحدة في التوصل إلى توافق في الآراء في يوليو/تموز الماضي، بشأن تمديد عمليات إيصال المساعدات عبر الحدود عبر معبر باب الهوى الحدودي، تمثل تذكيراً صارخاً بمدى الأعمال العدائية والتسييس والتشرذم في سوريا”. الإضرار بالمدنيين وحرمانهم من المساعدة التي هم في أمس الحاجة إليها. وقال المفوض لين ويلشمان: “يجب أن تكون هناك مراجعة شاملة للدروس التي يمكن تعلمها من فشل الاستجابة للزلزال”. “هل من المبالغة أن نطالب الأطراف والمجتمع الدولي بضمان استمرار المساعدة الإنسانية عبر الحدود على المستوى اللازم وبطريقة مبدئية وقائمة على الاحتياجات ومستدامة؟”
وشهدت الأسابيع الأخيرة أيضًا تزايد الصراع في منطقة إدلب الكبرى، مما أدى إلى نزوح الآلاف، وفي دير الزور، مما أسفر عن مقتل العشرات، فضلاً عن اندلاع احتجاجات واسعة النطاق تطالب بالحقوق الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والمدنية والسياسية في المناطق التي تسيطر عليها الحكومة، ولا سيما السويداء.
ولا يزال انعدام الأمن منتشراً خارج خطوط المواجهة، مما يجعل العودة الآمنة للاجئين السوريين أمراً غير ممكن. كما وثقت اللجنة حالات محددة تعرض فيها اللاجئون السوريون العائدون من البلدان المجاورة لسوء المعاملة على أيدي قوات الأمن السورية. وتعرض بعضهم للابتزاز من أجل إطلاق سراحهم، بينما اعتقل آخرون من قبل الأجهزة الأمنية. وقد اختفى العديد منهم، بما في ذلك الأطفال، منذ ذلك الحين.
واصلت أطراف النزاع ارتكاب جرائم حرب وجرائم ضد الإنسانية، من خلال الاعتقال التعسفي والتعذيب والإخفاء القسري وإعدام المدنيين في المناطق الخاضعة لسيطرتها.
وكررت اللجنة دعوتها إلى إطلاق سراح جميع الأشخاص المحتجزين تعسفياً في سوريا وتمكين المراقبين المستقلين من الوصول إلى جميع أماكن الاحتجاز.
وفي مخيمي الهول والروج، وثقت اللجنة الظروف المعيشية التي لا تزال ترقى إلى مستوى المعاملة القاسية واللاإنسانية والاعتداء على الكرامة الشخصية لنحو 52 ألف شخص، معظمهم من النساء والأطفال، محتجزين هناك منذ ما يقرب من خمس سنوات.
وقال بينهيرو: “إننا نشيد بالدول التي أعادت منذ يناير/كانون الثاني أكثر من 2000 امرأة وطفل إلى وطنهم، وندعو إلى مواصلة عمليات الإعادة إلى الوطن”. “كما ندعو الدول إلى إعادة المواطنين الذكور البالغين المحتجزين في شمال شرق سوريا إلى وطنهم، ومحاسبة الجناة المزعومين من بينهم على جرائم الحرب التي ارتكبها داعش والجرائم ضد الإنسانية والإبادة الجماعية في إجراءات تتوافق مع معايير المحاكمة العادلة.”
وفي يونيو/حزيران، أعربت الإدارة الذاتية في شمال شرق البلاد عن استعدادها لمحاكمة ما يقدر بنحو 2000 من هؤلاء الرجال والفتيان الأجانب محلياً، وهو عدد هائل من القضايا. وهذا يثير المخاوف نظرا لعدم الامتثال لمعايير المحاكمة العادلة في محاكمات مماثلة جرت في الماضي للمشتبه بهم السوريين.
وفي تطور إيجابي، لاحظت اللجنة إعلان محكمة العدل الدولية أنها ستعقد جلسات استماع علنية يومي 10 و11 تشرين الأول/أكتوبر بشأن الإجراءات المتخذة ضد الجمهورية العربية السورية فيما يتعلق بالتزاماتها بموجب اتفاقية مناهضة التعذيب. وفي حين تمت إدانة مسؤولين سوريين أفراداً بارتكاب جريمة التعذيب ضد الإنسانية، فإن هذه هي المرة الأولى التي سيُطلب فيها من حكومة النظام نفسها الدفاع عن سجلها. لقد وثّقت اللجنة منذ فترة طويلة **التعذيب** من قبل حكومة النظام ومعظم أطراف النزاع الأخرى، وتأمل أن يُتاح للناجين وعائلاتهم الفرصة للمشاركة بشكل هادف في هذه الإجراءات.
كما تلقت العائلات التي تسعى إلى توضيح مصير أحبائها المحتجزين والمختفين والمفقودين، أخبارًا ترحيبية طال انتظارها بعد إنشاء الجمعية العامة للمؤسسة المستقلة المعنية بالأشخاص المفقودين في سوريا في يونيو/حزيران.
وقال المفوض هاني مجلي: “إننا نرحب بالقرار التاريخي الذي أصدرته الجمعية العامة للأمم المتحدة في يونيو/حزيران بشأن إنشاء مؤسسة مخصصة للأشخاص المفقودين في سوريا”. “وتتوقع العائلات أنه سيتم حشد أفضل الخبرات والمنهجيات والتكنولوجيا والموارد سواء في البحث عن المفقودين أو في تقديم المساعدة والدعم النفسي والاجتماعي للمتضررين.”
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