بعد ساعات من سقوط نظام المخلوع بشار الأسد، بدأ آلاف اللاجئين السوريين بالعودة إلى وطنهم، واصطفت السيارات عند المعابر الحدودية في لبنان وتركيا. وعاد نحو 250 ألف شخص خلال الأسبوع الماضي، وتتوقع مفوضية الأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين عودة مليون شخص خلال الأشهر الستة المقبلة.
أكثر من نصف سكان سوريا نازحون: 7 ملايين شخص في سوريا، و5.5 مليون في تركيا ولبنان والأردن ومصر والعراق، وأكثر من مليون في أوروبا. وقد أعرب السوريون في الخارج في السابق عن رغبتهم في العودة بمجرد أن يصبح ذلك آمنًا، ولكن بعد أكثر من عقد من الزمان في المنفى، لم يعد لدى الكثير منهم منازل أو وظائف يعودون إليها.
لقد أصبح الاقتصاد والبنية الأساسية في سوريا في حالة يرثى لها، وما زال 90% من سكانها يعتمدون على شكل من أشكال المساعدات الإنسانية. وقد أوقفت العديد من الدول الأوروبية بالفعل معالجة طلبات اللجوء للاجئين السوريين، وأعلنت النمسا عن خطط لترحيلهم.
وتقول ريما جاموس إمسيس من المفوضية السامية للأمم المتحدة لشؤون اللاجئين: “من السابق لأوانه اتخاذ قرار بشأن سلامة واستقرار سوريا وهناك العديد من الأسئلة التي تحتاج إلى إجابة”. بين عامي 2010 و2021، انخفض الناتج المحلي الإجمالي في سوريا بنسبة 54%. ويعيش تسعة من كل عشرة سوريين تحت خط الفقر. وتحتاج شبكة المياه والصحة العامة إلى إعادة بناء كاملة تقريبًا بعد الحرب والزلزال الذي ضرب البلاد العام الماضي.
“قال جاد بغدادي، وهو لاجئ سوري في المملكة المتحدة، لموقع تورتويز: “سيكون العديد من السوريين أول من يحتفلون بعدم كونهم لاجئين بعد الآن. لكن لا يزال الوقت مبكرًا للغاية. لقد تم تدمير العديد من منازل الناس”. يفتقر العديد من اللاجئين إلى الوثائق التي تثبت ملكيتهم لممتلكاتهم.
أوقفت ألمانيا طلبات اللجوء المقدمة من السوريين، وهو القرار الذي أثر على أكثر من 47 ألف شخص. وكانت سوريا البلد الأصلي الأول لطالبي اللجوء في ألمانيا هذا العام. أعلنت النمسا عن خططها لترحيل اللاجئين السوريين، حيث قالت الحكومة إنها تقدم للاجئين السوريين “مكافأة عودة” قدرها 1000 يورو للعودة.
وفي إيطاليا ــ قبل سقوط النظام ــ أمضت حكومة جورجيا ميلوني شهورًا في محاولة تسهيل عمليات الترحيل من خلال إعادة العلاقات الدبلوماسية مع الأسد. وكانت إيطاليا الدولة الوحيدة من مجموعة الدول السبع الكبرى التي أعادت تنشيط سفارتها في دمشق، وفي أيلول (سبتمبر) انسحبت من مجموعة سوريا الأساسية ــ وهي هيئة تابعة للأمم المتحدة تهدف إلى الضغط على نظام الأسد بشأن قضايا حقوق الإنسان.
أوقفت المملكة المتحدة اتخاذ القرارات بشأن طلبات اللجوء الخاصة بالسوريين، وينتظر أكثر من 6000 سوري حاليًا نتيجة لذلك.
وتتخذ بلدان أخرى، بما في ذلك بلجيكا واليونان وفنلندا وهولندا والدنمارك والنرويج والسويد، تدابير مماثلة.
عن موقع Tortoise بتصرف 20 كانون الأول (ديسمبر) 2024.
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