كعادة كل شتاء، تتعالى صيحات الاستغاثة في المخيمات، ويطلق الناشطون والمنسقون نداءات الاستجابة
الطارئة للخيام المزروعة على طول الحدود الشمالية في سوريا، ولكن الجديد في الأمر أن تتسبب الحواجز
المبنية لحماية الناس على طول الطريق، برفع أسعار الوقود شمال سوريا.
فبعد أزمة ضريبة المازوت على معبر الغزاوية المؤدي إلى منطقة إدلب، والتي تسيطر عليه هيئة تحرير الشام،
أقرت الهيئة بتوزيع مازوت مدعوم بقدر 250 ليترًا لكلّ دفتر عائلة يرغب، ولكن بسعر /11/ ليرة تركية، ونوعية
رديئة لا يمكن استخدامها بسبب التجميد، كما يقول أبو محمد من مخيم كللي شمال إدلب.
وأردف أنّ سعر اللتر غير مدعوم معالج ممتاز في منطقة شمال حلب أقل من هذا السعر، فضلًا عن جودته
الصالحة لتشغيل سيارات حديثة.
البديل المطروح الفحم النفطي
يقول أبو سعيد نازح من المعرة يقيم في مخيم “حربنوش”، بعد أن وصل سعر البيرين إلى 200 دولار للطن
الواحد والحطب الجيد إلى 190 دولار وقشور المكسرات تعدت حواجز 275 لأردئها، صار الفحم هو البديل الموجود.
“أبو العبسي” وهو تاجر فحم ومورد من منطقة “ترحين” إلى إدلب، يقول تكلفة الطن الواحد بدون ربح تاجر
المفرق لا تصدق ، فيبدأ الدفع من قبان ،ترحيل / ب 3 دولار/ لكل طن ضريبة خروج، والقبان تسيطر عليه فصائل
من الجيش الوطني المدعوم من تركيا، ومن ثم قبان في كل منطقة، والحواجز حتى نصل معبر الغزاوية،
في المعبر أيضًا يجب أن ندفع رسوم دخول إلى منطقة إدلب، عملياً يكلف كل طن فحم زيادة على المستهلك
حوالي 12 دولارًا، تذهب ضرائب من المنشأ إلى التاجر و12 أخرى أجور نقل لكل طن
أسباب ارتفاع أجور النقل
قال “أبو علي” وهو صاحب شاحنة وسائق يعمل في نقل الفحم، 12 دولار لكل طن ولا ترسمل مصروف
السيارة، إلا إذا عدنا بحمل من إدلب، فالضرائب التي تدفع بإيصالات يدفعها التاجر، أما ما نضعه من إكراميات
حواجز في المنطقة الشرقية، فنضيفها على أجور النقل، إضافة لأسعار الوقود المرتفعة جداً، والساعات التي
ننتظرها لفتح وتسكير والدور في القبانات والمعابر، وسوء الطرقات الذي يكلفنا كل سفرة تصليحًا جديدًا
رغم ان هناك طرقات صلحت بشكل كامل منذ عامين، ولكن سوء التنفيذ جعله أسوأ مما كان عليه.
أسعار الفحم
يختلف سعر الفحم باختلاف جودته، الجيد للتدفئة بحسب نسبة الخشونة /من 70 بالمائة إلى 90 بالمائة/
يصل إلى المستهلك بـ170 دولارًا تقريبًا، تذهب منها 25 دولارًا شحن بين الحواجز وأجور نقل.
ويقول أبو الزند وهو سائق شحن فحم، لولا الانتظار وإكرامية الحواجز والضرائب كانت تكلفة الطن
نقصت من 25 دولار إلى 5 دولار فقط.
الفحم القاتل الدافئ
وصفه الطبيب محمد علي بالقاتل الدافئ، فيقول أنه يستهلك نسبة كبيرة من أوكسجين الغرفة لإكمال الإحتراق،
فضلًا عن كمية أوكسيد الكربون التي يطرحها، ورجح الطبيب أن يكون مسببًا كبيرًا لأمراض السرطان لأنه مستخلص بطرق بدائية من بقايا النفط.
فرق الأدوية
يقول الصيدلاني عبد الفتاح محمد، في مخيمات أطمة، تزداد نسبة مبيعات أدوية الكريب والرشح ورذاذ
الأطفال في الشتاء، خصوصًا بين المعتمدين في بيوتهم على الفحم كوسيلة تدفئة.
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