يشهد ريف إدلب الجنوبي أزمة بيئية وزراعية متفاقمة بعد تسجيل تراجع حاد في الغطاء النباتي، نتيجة عمليات قطع واسعة للأشجار المثمرة خلال الأشهر الماضية، هذه الظاهرة تنذر بكارثة بيئية واقتصادية، إذ أدت إلى تحول مساحات كبيرة من الأراضي الزراعية الخصبة إلى مناطق شبه قاحلة، ما يهدد مصادر دخل آلاف المزارعين، ويؤثر على الاقتصاد المحلي في المحافظة
كشف مدير مديرية الزراعة في محافظة إدلب، مصطفى موحد عن أرقام صادمة تبرز حجم الخسائر التي لحقت بالقطاع الزراعي في المنطقة، حيث تم تسجيل :
قطع نحو مليون ونصف المليون شجرة زيتون
قطع 350 ألف شجرة فستق حلبي
قطع 100 ألف شجرة تين
وأشار موحد إلى أن هذه الأرقام تعكس مدى التدهور الخطير الذي أصاب الزراعة في ريف إدلب الجنوبي، خصوصًا أن هذه الأشجار تُعدّ من المحاصيل الاستراتيجية التي يعتمد عليها آلاف المزارعين كمصدر رئيسي للدخل، إضافة إلى كونها أحد الأعمدة الأساسية للاقتصاد الزراعي في سوريا
بحسب مختصين في الشأن الزراعي والبيئي، فإن هناك عدة عوامل تقف وراء انتشار عمليات قطع الأشجار بهذا الشكل الواسع، ومن أبرزها الأوضاع الأمنية والاضطرابات المستمرة
تعاني مناطق ريف إدلب الجنوبي من حالة عدم استقرار منذ سنوات، ما أدى إلى ضعف الرقابة الرسمية وانتشار عمليات التحطيب الجائر سواء لأغراض تجارية أو لتأمين الحطب كبديل لمصادر الطاقة النادرة
الأزمة الاقتصادية وارتفاع أسعار المحروقات :
دفعت الظروف المعيشية القاسية العديد من السكان إلى قطع الأشجار لاستخدامها كوقود للتدفئة، خصوصًا مع ارتفاع أسعار الوقود وعدم توفر بدائل مناسبة
ضعف الوعي البيئي :
غياب البرامج التوعوية وحملات الإرشاد الزراعي ساهم في انتشار ظاهرة القطع دون إدراك لخطورة النتائج البيئية طويلة المدى
عمليات القطع المكثف للأشجار المثمرة تحمل تأثيرات بيئية خطيرة، أبرزها :
الأشجار تلعب دورًا أساسيًا في حماية التربة من الانجراف، ومع زوالها تتعرض الأراضي للتعرية والجفاف
الأشجار تُعد موئلًا طبيعيًا للعديد من الكائنات، وقطعها يؤدي إلى انقراض بعض الأنواع المحلية من الطيور والحيوانات
تراجع إنتاجية الأراضي الزراعية
مع غياب الغطاء النباتي تقل خصوبة التربة، ما ينعكس سلبًا على المحاصيل الزراعية المستقبلية
الأشجار تمتص ثاني أكسيد الكربون، وقطعها يفاقم أزمة التغير المناخي على المستوى المحلي
الأضرار الناتجة عن فقدان هذا العدد الضخم من الأشجار تمتد إلى الجانب الاقتصادي والاجتماعي، وتشمل :
أشجار الزيتون والفستق الحلبي التي كانت تشكل مصدر رزق رئيسي للآلاف، وقطعها يعني فقدان مواسم إنتاج كاملة
انخفاض الإنتاج المحلي سيؤدي إلى ارتفاع أسعار زيت الزيتون والفستق الحلبي والتين، ما يثقل كاهل المستهلكين
مع تراجع النشاط الزراعي، سيفقد العديد من العمال والمزارعين وظائفهم ومصادر دخلهم
للتخفيف من تداعيات الأزمة، أوصى خبراء الزراعة والبيئة بمجموعة من الإجراءات :
إطلاق حملات تشجير عاجلة لتعويض ما تم فقده من غطاء نباتي
تشديد الرقابة على عمليات القطع العشوائي ومنع تهريب الأخشاب
دعم المزارعين من خلال توفير بدائل للتدفئة بأسعار مدعومة لتقليل الحاجة إلى التحطيب
برامج توعية مجتمعية لتعريف السكان بخطورة هذه الممارسات على المدى الطويل
تشجيع المنظمات الدولية على تمويل مشاريع حماية البيئة في إدلب والمناطق المجاورة
إن فقدان هذا الكم الهائل من الأشجار في ريف إدلب الجنوبي يمثل جرس إنذار خطير يهدد الأمن الغذائي والاقتصادي، إضافة إلى مخاطره البيئية البعيدة المدى
ويؤكد الخبراء أن التحرك السريع لإيقاف عمليات القطع العشوائي، إلى جانب إعادة تأهيل الأراضي الزراعية، هو السبيل الوحيد للحفاظ على ما تبقى من الموارد الطبيعية وضمان استدامة الزراعة في المنطقة
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