ابتكر باحثون كوريون تقنية جديدة تسمح بتنقية المياه وإنتاج الكهرباء في الوقت نفسه. وهو الابتكار الذي سيتيح استخداما فعالا لموارد المياه الملوثة من خلال توليد الطاقة المتجددة على المدى البعيد.
كان فريق الباحثين، الذي يقوده الدكتور جي سو جانغ من مركز أبحاث المواد الإلكترونية بالمعهد الكوري للعلوم والتكنولوجيا (KIST) والبروفيسور تاي جوانغ يون من قسم علوم وهندسة المواد بجامعة ميونغ جي (Myongj)، قد ابتكر تصميما يجعل تيار المياه ثنائي الاتجاه يمر على غشاء متعدد الوظائف لتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية وتنقية المياه في الوقت نفسه، وقد نشرت تفاصيل الابتكار في دورية “أدفانسيد ماتيرياليز” (Advanced Materials).
جهاز متعدد الوظائف
تمكن الباحثون من وضع النموذج الأولي لجهاز متعدد الوظائف قادر على توفير المياه النقية والكهرباء بنجاح، حسب ما نقله تقرير جريدة “لوموند” (Le monde) الفرنسية نهاية مارس/آذار الماضي.
الجهاز عبارة عن غشاء متعدد الوظائف أطلق عليه اسم “إيه بي إم” (EPM) اختصارا لعبارة “غشاء توليد الكهرباء وتنقية المياه” (electricity generation and purification membrane)، ويمكنه توليد الكهرباء بشكل مستمر في أثناء عملية تنقية المياه وتحويلها إلى مياه صالحة للشرب، سواء كانت مياه الأمطار والأنهار أو مياه الصرف الصحي أو المياه الجوفية.
ويتكون الجهاز من غشاء به مسامات تصفي الماء في القاع، موصل بمولد كهربائي في الأعلى. وتم تصميم الغشاء لتنقية المياه من خلال التحكم في اتجاه تدفقها. عندما تمر المياه الملوثة عبر الغشاء المبتكر تتم تنقيتها في الاتجاه العمودي، بينما يتم توليد الكهرباء في الوقت نفسه في الاتجاه الأفقي بواسطة حركة الأيونات.
يتميز الغشاء بقدرته على ضمان تصفية عالية الدقة، وإزالة اللدائن الدقيقة وجزيئات المعادن الثقيلة في مياه الصرف الصحي، حيث يمكنه تصفية أكثر من 90% من الملوثات ذات الأحجام الأقل من 10 نانومترات، وفي المقابل توليد الكهرباء لأكثر من 3 ساعات باستخدام 10 ميكرولترات فقط من الماء.
حل مشكلة ندرة المياه
يعتبر هذا الابتكار مهما في حل مشكلة ندرة المياه بفضل خصائصه، ففي الوقت الذي تعجز فيه التقنيات التقليدية لتنقية المياه عن تقديم حل لمشكلة الطاقة، فإن هذا الابتكار يقدم أداء عاليا في توليد الكهرباء وتنقية مختلف موارد المياه، ويمثل نموذجا فعالا يمكن استخدامه كنهج من الجيل التالي لتوليد الطاقة المتجددة، ومن ثم الاستخدام الفعال لموارد المياه الملوثة. وهذا بالإضافة إلى انخفاض تكاليف التصنيع ووقت المعالجة، مما يعني إمكانية تسويقه بسهولة.
ويقول الدكتور جي سو جانغ، حسب ما جاء في البيان الصحفي الذي نشر في الموقع الرسمي للمعهد الكوري للعلوم والتكنولوجيا (KIST)، إن “هذه التقنية الجديدة يمكنها حل مشكلة نقص المياه وإنتاج طاقة صديقة للبيئة في الوقت نفسه. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، هناك تطبيقات محتملة كبيرة لهذه التقنية في نظام إدارة جودة المياه ونظام الطاقة في حالات الطوارئ”.
ويرى الدكتور جي سو جانغ، الذي تشمل أبحاثه علوم المواد والهندسة الكيميائية والبيئية، أن عملية تنقية المياه وجعلها صالحة للشرب تعتبر تحديا بيئيا، كون تقنيات التنقية الحالية تتطلب طاقة هائلة، وهو ما دفع فريقه متعدد التخصصات للتفكير في إمكانية تصميم غشاء قادر على توليد الكهرباء وجعل المياه غير العذبة صالحة للشرب، سواء كانت مستخدمة أو تحت الأرض أو من البحر، وهذا حسب ما نقلته جريدة لوموند الفرنسية.
وحسب المصدر نفسه، فإن اهتمام الباحث بالقضايا البيئية، ولا سيما تلك المتعلقة بالمياه بوصفها موردا، لا يقدر بثمن، إذ بدأ خلال دراسته في المعهد الكوري للعلوم والتكنولوجيا، ثم في أثناء دراسته بعد الدكتوراه في جامعة “ييل” (Yale) في الولايات المتحدة، ليتمكن في النهاية رفقة فريقه من ابتكار غشاء توليد الكهرباء وتنقية المياه الذي من شأنه المساهمة في حل مشكلة ندرة المياه.
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