لقد “أدار العالم ظهره للسوريين”، على الرغم من تعرضهم لأزمات عديدة، مثل الجوع وسوء التغذية وتغير المناخ والصراع الذي طال أمده، كما تقول مؤسسة المساعدات والتنمية الدولية الخيرية، «وورلد فيجن»، التي تعمل منظمة الرؤية العالمية في الاستجابة للأزمة السورية منذ عام 2014.
وتدق منظمة الرؤية العالمية ناقوس الخطر من أن الأزمة الإنسانية سوف تزداد سوءًا ما لم يتم اتخاذ إجراءات فورية، قبل مؤتمر بروكسل الثامن للاتحاد الأوروبي بشأن دعم مستقبل سوريا والمنطقة والذي سيعقد في بروكسل. يبدأ في 30 أبريل.
يسلط موجز السياسات الجديد الصادر عن منظمة World Vision، بعنوان تسليط الضوء على التغذية والأمن الغذائي وتغير المناخ في سوريا والبلدان المضيفة، يعاني أكثر من 12.9 مليون سوري من نقص الإمدادات الغذائية، في حين أن 2.6 مليون آخرين على حافة انعدام الأمن الغذائي، وفقًا لبرنامج الأغذية العالمي.
تواجه الأسر التي تعيلها نساء مستويات عالية من انعدام الأمن الغذائي مما يعرضها لمخاطر متزايدة من العنف والاستغلال والإساءة على أساس النوع الاجتماعي، وفي لبنان الذي يستضيف 1.4 مليون لاجئ سوري، هناك أزمة اجتماعية واقتصادية متعددة الأوجه تدمر التعليم والأمن الغذائي على وجه التحديد.
وفقًا لبحث World Vision ، يمكن أن يكون لانعدام الأمن الغذائي وسوء التغذية أثناء حالات الطوارئ عواقب اقتصادية كبيرة، مما يزيد من تكاليف الرعاية الصحية والتكاليف الاجتماعية، بينما يتسبب أيضًا في فقدان الإنتاجية والتحصيل التعليمي
يعاني 277,000 طفل دون سن الخامسة من الفقر الغذائي في لبنان، ويعيش 85,000 طفل في فقر غذائي حاد، وفقًا لتقرير اليونيسف حول الفقر الغذائي للأطفال لعام 2023.
وفي تركيا التي تستضيف 3.2 مليون لاجئ سوري : أكثر من 85% من الأسر السورية أفادت بتراجع وضعها المالي منذ ارتفاع التضخم إلى 61.5% عام 2023، أفاد 18% فقط من المواطنين الأتراك أنهم قادرون على تغطية نفقاتهم بالكامل، مما يسلط الضوء على التحديات المالية الكبيرة بين الطائفتين.
وفي الأردن حيث يقيم 1.3 مليون لاجئ سوري، وتتحمل الغالبية العظمى من الأسر السورية (93%) الديون بينما تكافح من أجل تلبية احتياجاتها الأساسية، 18% من الأسر السورية تواجه انعدامًا حادًا في الأمن الغذائي في عام 2023، و27% أبلغوا عن تحديات في توفير الغذاء.
تسلط بيانات الخطة الإقليمية للاستجابة للاجئين السوريين (3RP) الأخيرة من المجتمعات المضيفة ومخيمات اللاجئين في الأردن الضوء على زيادة المخاوف المتعلقة بحماية الأطفال بين الأطفال اللاجئين السوريين بسبب الصعوبات المالية المستمرة، مع تضاعف حالات الانسحاب من المدارس، وزيادة خمسة أضعاف في عمالة الأطفال، وتضاعف حالات الزواج المبكر ثلاث مرات.
كما تأثر عدد من بلدان المنطقة التي تأثرت بالأزمة السورية بشدة بآثار تغير المناخ: يعد الأردن أحد أكثر البلدان التي تعاني من ندرة المياه في العالم، مما يجعله عرضة بشكل خاص لتغير المناخ. ومن المتوقع أن تشهد البلاد المزيد من موجات الحر حيث من المتوقع أن ترتفع درجات الحرارة بمقدار 4.5 درجة مئوية خلال الخمسين عامًا القادمة، في حين من المرجح أن ينخفض توافر المياه بنسبة 75٪، مما يؤثر سلبًا على المخرجات الزراعية.
ويشكل تغير المناخ أيضًا أكبر تهديد للأمن الغذائي في العراق على المدى الطويل بسبب ارتفاع درجات الحرارة وتناقص هطول الأمطار والجفاف وندرة المياه، بالإضافة إلى العواصف الرملية والترابية المتكررة. وكشف بحث أجرته منظمة World Vision في عام 2023 أن المساعي التعليمية للأطفال غالبًا ما يعوقها تغير المناخ، حيث تعطل الفيضانات والجفاف الالتحاق بالمدارس، وتعوق وصول الأطفال والشباب إلى التنوع الغذائي.
تقول إليانور مونبيوت، القائدة الإقليمية لمنظمة وورلد فيجن في الشرق الأوسط وأوروبا الشرقية: “إن هذا عالم مضطرب، حيث تظهر الأزمات الإنسانية الجديدة قبل حل الأزمات التي طال أمدها. ومع ذلك، فإن هذا ليس ذريعة للمجتمع الدولي لتقليص أولويات السوريين والمجتمعات المضيفة، الذين مازالوا يعانون من جيل من الاحتياجات المتزايدة، نتيجة لذلك”. منذ أكثر من 13 عامًا من الصراع.
“بينما يستعد مجتمع المساعدات الإنسانية للذهاب إلى مؤتمر بروكسل الثامن، فإننا نطلب من العالم إعادة الالتزام بحل عدد لا يحصى من الأزمات التي تعصف بالسوريين داخل البلاد وخارجها. “الحرب والجوع وسوء التغذية وتغير المناخ – إن تعقيد الأزمة السورية يتطور كلما طال أمدها، ومن المؤسف أنه لا توجد نهاية في الأفق. فالسوريون يتعرضون للنسيان ويعانون من نقص التمويل، على الرغم من حقيقة أنهم في أمس الحاجة إلى المزيد من الأموال والمزيد من الاهتمام.
“يجب علينا أن نحل جميع الأزمات الإنسانية، وليس بعضها. يشعر العديد من السوريين والمجتمعات المضيفة بأن العالم قد أدار ظهره لهم – وهذا المؤتمر هو فرصة للحكومات لإظهار التعاطف – ليس فقط العمل – ولكن.”
عن موقع World Vision ترجمة مركز الصحافة الاجتماعية بتصرف 27 نيسان (أبريل) 2024.
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